Build confident sightreaders with the smart practice assistant that gives students immediate, automatic feedback—a perfect companion between lessons. You should practice reading for 20 minutes per day. It's well organized. The series is useful as a supplement to any course of study and includes original music by Diane Hidy (Prep. Shop Digital Downloads. Shop and Buy Sight Reading, Level 2 sheet music. Note the level : Note the interest : View Download PDF: Book 1 (29 pages - 1.35 Mo) 9233x⬇ CLOSE : For 20 years we provide a free and legal service for free sheet music without asking you anything in exchange. Grade Levels for Piano Sight Reading. Practical Piano Grade 4 exams consist of three pieces, scales and broken chords, sight-reading, and aural tests. • Offer ends at 11:59pm PST on December 25, 2020. [PDF] Improve Your Sight-Reading! Share. Op.45 I-Catalogue Number I-Cat. Helpful . Step by step it helps the player to create a complete picture of each piece, first through rhythmic and melodic exercises related to specific problems, then by the study of prepared pieces with associated questions for the student to answer, then finally to the real, unprepared sight-reading test itself. Distance Learning Using String Basics Books 1, 2, and 3! The covers now contain US levels! Hurry, offer only good while sheet music supplies last! BRAND NEW, Improve Your Sight-Reading! Faber Piano Adventures sheet music book by Randall Faber. Is the transcription accurate? Bastien Piano Library sheet music book by James Bastien. After purchase, you can download your MP3 from your Sheet Music Plus Digital Library - no software installation is necessary! Published by Neil A. Kjos Music Company. Ling Ling Sight Reading Level 4 Piano Lessons. Telephone: (858) 270-9800 Email: email@kjos.com. If you believe that any review contained on our site infringes upon your copyright, please email us. The covers now contain US levels! Piano Solo Sheet Music. • 10% discount will apply ONLY to digital download titles with product numbers that begin with S0., HX., or S9. Consider writing about your experience and musical tastes. About free-scores.com / Member testimonies. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. The covers now contain US levels! Share. Shop and Buy Level 4 - Sightreading Book sheet music. 52 pages. Be smart about how you practise sight-reading with Piano Sight Reading Trainer. Four Star Sight Reading and Ear Tests, Book 4: Daily Exercises for Piano Students All Contents Copyright © 1997-2020, Sheet Music Plus. The Sight Reading series is a valuable new addition to the Neil A. Kjos Piano Repertoire Library. Tell a friend (or remind yourself) about this product. Each book contains an assortment of graded reading material for systematic sight reading development. Additionally, test yourself on sight reading apps like Sight Reading Mastery or Music Tutor. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Listen Playing... Paused You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. When I first started playing piano at the age 18 (pretty late), I began with the really easy beginner exercises, where you place both of you thumbs on the central C and play alternating between left hand and right hand and later hands together. Google Play. Please see our Privacy Policy for details. Please enable it to continue. Practice Sight Reading; Guides Get Started; Faq Answers! For Piano. : Piano Level 4: Early Intermediate Improve Your Sight-Reading! Music Book. However, the only way to improve at sight reading is to practise, practise, practise! As you read the notes, try saying them out loud to help you memorize them. Shop and Buy Sight Reading, Level 2 sheet music. We all like Piano adventure more, and my son loves to do theory book the most. Piano series! Total marks in all individual Practical exams are 150. Easily share your music lists with friends, students, and the world. 1908-09 Composer Time Period Comp. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion : Piano Level 4: Early Intermediate PDF « Our website was launched having a wish to work as a complete on the web computerized local library which offers usage of many PDF file publication collection. Published by Alfred Publishing. One person found this helpful. Be respectful of artists, readers, and your fellow reviewers. Our newest app helps you develop the skills to quickly spot the key features, patterns and characteristics in music before you play it. This unique-to-WunderKeys design allows piano students to play a tune that sounds different each time. Simply enter the code DIGITAL in the Promo Code field on the shopping cart page during checkout and click Apply to receive 10% off your digital download products. You can also download at any time in your Digital Library. To practice sight reading piano sheet music, read simple sheet music for children's songs, holiday carols, or simple classical pieces. https://www.sheetmusicplus.com/title/improve-your-sight-reading-piano-level-4-sheet-music/19094057. You need 100 marks to achieve Pass, 120 marks to pass with Merit and 130 marks to pass with Distinction. The series is useful as a supplement to any course of study and includes original music by Diane Hidy (Prep. : Piano Level 4: Early Intermediate, Paul Harris, This is the brand new edition of Paul Harris' very popular Improve Your Sight-Reading! After purchase, you can download your Smart Music from your Sheet Music Plus Digital Library - no software installation is necessary! But before we get into the piano sight reading exercises, take a quick look at this 5-minute video on the basics of sight reading from Pianist Magazine. Published by Alfred Publishing. Noté /5. James Bastien. Sight Reading Level 4 Retrouvez Sight Reading: Piano Music for Sight Reading and Short Study, Level 4 et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. Feel free to recommend similar pieces if you liked this piece, or alternatives if you didn't. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. … BRAND NEW, Improve Your Sight-Reading! The ability to sight read well enables the musician to learn new music much more quickly. If you use and like Free-scores.com, thank you to consider support donation." Four Star Sight Reading and Ear Tests, Book 4: Daily Exercises for Piano Students Level: Level 4. Add to Cart Add to List. About free-scores.com / Member testimonies. Basically, my new-years resolution was to get better at sight-reading. Level/Grade: 4; Series: Bastien Piano Library ; Sample Pages. The covers now contain US levels! Now more than ever, the ability to sight-read fluently is an essential part of the pianist's training, whether playing alone, as an accompanist or with ensemble. Faber Edition: Improve Your Sight-Reading. The ability to sight read well enables the musician to learn new music much more quickly. Random piece of music from Practice Sight Reading to help musicians practice their sight reading. Avoid disclosing contact information (email addresses, phone numbers, etc. We cannot post your review if it violates these guidelines. Vital Source. Noté /5. … BRAND NEW, Improve Your Sight-Reading! Your selections are correct in Level 5 - but you must play them at the technical and music level required - you cannot just "get through them". : Grade 4 Level 4/ Early Intermediate Piano et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. All Rights Reserved. Product Details. Piano, Level 4: A Progressive, Interactive Approach to Sight-reading (Faber Edition: Improve Your Sight-Reading) at Amazon.com. You may also enter a personal message. Get situated where you can comfortably see the piece from your piano or keyboard (an iPad or other tablet is especially convenient for this, as you can set it right on your piano's music stand; print this page if needed) Take 30 seconds to look over the piece before you attempt to sight … A few months later after he finished level 1B, he transferred to Piano adventure (Lesson, Theory, Performance, Technic & Sight-reading), because his piano teacher was using it. $6.99 . Book. Op.45 I-Catalogue Number I-Cat. • Customer must enter coupon code during Checkout to receive discount. As they say, “You learn to sight read by doing it!” This series includes piano music of various textures and styles to be used to improve student sight reading, as well as overall reading skills beginning at the elementary level. Before you start playing you have time to prepare. However, the only way to improve at sight reading is to practise, practise, practise! For Piano. We're sorry but SRF Music Page doesnt work properly without JavaScript enabled. Retrouvez Improve Your Sight-Reading! Four Star Sight Reading and Ear Tests, Book 4: Daily Exercises for Piano Students [Boris Berlin, Andrew Markow] on Amazon.com. Each book contains an assortment of graded reading material for systematic sight reading development. Piano - Glover Method. Details. Each lesson contains 5 variations of the same song, meant to be played one each day, which allows the student to play with familiarity but not by muscle memory therefore having to learn the notes each day. This series includes piano music of various textures and styles to be used to improve student sight reading, as well as overall reading skills beginning at the elementary level. By working your way through a series of fun games you can unlock 155 brand new pieces of music. Amazon Kindle. You should practice reading for 20 minutes per day. Piano Musicianship; Technique Musicianship. Published by Faber Music View Pages. Levels For Guitar 122,301 views. Published by Faber Music (AP.12-0571533140). Description. Sorry but your review could not be submitted, please verify the form and try again. … Book. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. To send to more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. • Cannot be applied to previous or pending purchases. Faber Music #12-0571533140. It is often hard for younger, less experienced musicians to see the benefits of sight reading when progress may be slow. Also Available Digitally. (AP.12-0571533140). Students play one exercise a day, completing one set per week. Music Teachers, Choir Directors and College Music Students may join our free Easy Rebates program and earn 8% cash back on sheet music purchases! Paul Harris Sheet Music  Book. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Improve Your Sight-reading! If you use and like Free-scores.com, thank you to consider support donation." The covers now contain US levels! Get 10% off digital download sheet music! Total marks in all individual Practical exams are 150. IAS 19 Movements/Sections Mov'ts/Sec's: 4 volumes First Pub lication. Used to contact you regarding your review. Title Composer Sartorio, Arnoldo: Opus/Catalogue Number Op./Cat. : Piano Level 4: Early Intermediate, Paul Harris, This is the brand new edition of Paul Harris' very popular Improve Your Sight-Reading! WP19 - Sight Reading, Level 4 - (Table of Contents), 2020-2021: More “Lessons Learning” in Music Education, Making Distance Learning in Music Work Better, How to Use Bastien New Traditions in Distance Learning. Paul Harris Piano Solo Sheet Music, Piano Method Sheet Music  Faber Edition: Improve Your Sight-Reading sheet music book by Paul Harris. Amazon Kindle. Description. This workbook is designed to help overcome the nerves that can cause sight-reading problems. : Piano Level 4: Early Intermediate Book Review A high quality pdf as well as the typeface applied was exciting to see. Product Details. Save 40% on select overstock sheet music titles! First, here is a little backstory. 10:41 . Sight Reading For Guitar Level 001 Exercise 1 - Duration: 10:41. Jane 21,868 views. We do not use or store email addresses from this form for any other purpose than sending your share email. You might find many kinds of e-publication and other literatures from your documents database. Practical Piano Grade 4 exams consist of three pieces, scales and broken chords, sight-reading, and aural tests. Distance Learning using Tradition of Excellence and Standard of Excellence. Piano, Level 4: A Progressive, Interactive Approach to Sight-reading (Faber Edition: Improve Your Sight-Reading) at Amazon.com. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Improve Your Sight-reading! Also Available Digitally. No. Find a local music store. Piano series! Please do not use inappropriate language, including profanity, vulgarity, or obscenity. Please enable it to continue. Note the level : Note the interest : View Download PDF: Book 1 (29 pages - 1.35 Mo) 9233x⬇ CLOSE : For 20 years we provide a free and legal service for free sheet music without asking you anything in exchange. Alfred's Basic Piano Library: Sight Reading Book 4 By Gayle Kowalchyk and E. L. Lancaster Piano Book Level: 4 Item: 00-5764. Piano series! Now more than ever, the ability to sight-read fluently is an essential part of the pianist's training, whether playing alone, as an accompanist or with ensemble. Basic Piano Adventures, Level 4, Notereading, Sightreading. • Discount DOES NOT apply to print or other non-digital titles. The series is useful as a supplement to any course of study and includes original music by Diane Hidy (Prep. Piano, Level 4: A Progressive, Interactive Approach to Sight-reading (Faber Edition: Improve Your Sight-Reading): Paul Harris: 9780571533145: Amazon.com: Books. Helpful . Description. Piano series! Piano, Level 4: A Progressive, Interactive Approach to Sight-reading (Faber Edition: Improve Your Sight-Reading): Paul Harris: 9780571533145: Amazon.com: Books. Welcome to Piano Sight Reading Trainer. Browse Faber Music from Faber Music at Sheet Music Plus. Now more than ever, the ability to sight-read fluently is an essential part of the pianist's training, whether playing alone, as an accompanist or with ensemble. 52 pages. Alfred's Basic Piano Library: Sight Reading Book 4 By Gayle Kowalchyk and E. L. Lancaster Piano Book Level: 4 Item: 00-5764. $7.95 / By E. L. Lancaster And Gayle Kowalchyk. Complies with the ABRSM standard of sight reading for Piano grade 2. Period: Romantic: Piece Style Romantic: Instrumentation piano Piano Sight-Reading Lesson 5: Recognizing Octaves - Duration: 6:10. Sight reading is an essential skill for all musicians at every level and in every discipline. If you do not wish to be contacted, leave it blank. Product Details. This is the part 2 of our series of Piano Sight Reading. It is often hard for younger, less experienced musicians to see the benefits of sight reading when progress may be slow. Vital Source. Practice Sight Reading. Shop and Buy Improve Your Sight-reading! Listen Playing... Paused You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. David Carr Glover. But before we get into the piano sight reading exercises, take a quick look at this 5-minute video on the basics of sight reading from Pianist Magazine. Share. FF3006 • $ 6.95 • • Add to cart. $4.95 / By James Bastien. In addition, some entering piano students may want to accompany vocalists and/or instrumentalists and charge for their services. Piano Adventures Level 1 2nd Edition Bundle Set By Nancy Faber - Lesson, Theory, Performance, Technique & Artistry Books & Juliet Music Piano Keys 88/61/54/49 Full Set Removable Sticker 4.9 out of … Paul Harris Piano Method Sheet Music  All entering Piano Principals have to take Piano Ensemble: Sight Reading (MUN 4870) unless their piano sight reading skills are at a level in which they may waive this course. You consent to our cookies and privacy policy if you continue to use this site. If you have any suggestions or comments on the guidelines, please email us. Level 1 Sight Reading Level 2 Sight Reading Level 3 Sight Reading Level 4 Sight Reading Herzlich willkommen bei Schott Musik, dem führenden Musikverlag für klassische und zeitgenössische Musik mit Shop für Noten, Bücher, CDs, Multimedia, Zeitschriften … This series includes piano music of various textures and styles to be used to improve student sight reading, as well as overall reading skills beginning at the elementary level. Read more. Soft Mozart Academy: Liliana's level 4 credits Sight reading, Piano Album 2, "Minuet in G" Browse Faber Music from Faber Music at Sheet Music Plus. Today’s Halloween sight-reading piano solo follows our Pick-A-Path Sight-Reading approach found in the WunderKeys Level 1 method books. Piano, Level 4 sheet music. His teacher teaches him Suzuki level 2 at the same time. Composed by Paul Harris. Sell sheet music on your website and earn cash when you join our Affiliate Program at Sheet Music Plus. $9.95 / Composed by Paul Harris. Leave it blank if you wish to appear as "Anonymous". Browse Neil A. Kjos Music Company from Neil A. » Download Improve Your Sight-Reading! We explain here how to prepare. Basic Piano Adventures, Level 4, Notereading, Sightreading. Bastien Piano Library sheet music book by James Bastien. You need 100 marks to achieve Pass, 120 marks to pass with Merit and 130 marks to pass with Distinction. It really is writter in simple words and phrases rather than difficult to understand. Qty: Add to Cart. Sight Reading Level 4 [Lin Ling Ling] on Amazon.com. IAS 19 Movements/Sections Mov'ts/Sec's: 4 volumes First Pub lication. Comment Report abuse. Sight Reading Exercises Alt ernative. Welcome to Piano Sight Reading Trainer. The Neil A. Kjos Music Company is dedicated to providing the highest quality in music education publications and events featuring our highly acclaimed composers. Great book to help students advance in sight reading at the piano. This edition: New. After purchase you can download your video from your Digital Library. Make a wish list for gifts, suggest standard repertoire, let students know which books to buy, boast about pieces you've mastered: Music Lists are as unique as the musician! Great book to help students advance in sight reading at the piano. Browse Faber Piano Adventures from Faber Piano Adventures at … Piano, Level 4 sheet music. David Carr Glover. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Bastien Piano Library sheet music book by James Bastien. Check-boxes for each stage allow both teacher and pupil to keep a record of progress. Sorry but your review could not be submitted, please verify the form and try again. One person found this helpful. No. Is it a good teaching tool? Are you a beginner who started playing last month? $7.95 / By E. L. Lancaster And Gayle Kowalchyk. Pricing Options; Login to Deluxe; PracticeSightReading.com. Do you like the artist? WP19 - Sight Reading, Level 4 - (Table of Contents) $4.95. This name will appear next to your review. Period: Romantic: Piece Style Romantic: Instrumentation piano Faber Music #12-0571541445. Our newest app helps you develop the skills to quickly spot the key features, patterns and characteristics in music before you play it. Now more than ever, the ability to sight-read fluently is an essential part of the pianist's training, whether playing alone, as an accompanist or with ensemble. Piano - Glover Method. Now more than ever, the ability to sight-read fluently is an essential part of the pianist's training, whether playing alone, as an accompanist or with ensemble. Faber Edition: Improve Your Sight-Reading sheet music book by Paul Harris. Tips for Grade 4 Piano Sight Reading. David Carr Glover Method for Piano: Sight Reading and Ear Training, Level 4 By E. L. Lancaster and Gayle Kowalchyk / David Carr Glover Piano Book Item: 00-FDL01025. This series includes piano music of various textures and styles to be used to improve student sight reading, as well as overall reading skills beginning at the elementary level. This site uses cookies to analyze your use of our products, to assist with promotional and marketing efforts, to analyze our traffic and to provide content from third parties. 1908-09 Composer Time Period Comp. A Progressive, Interactive Approach to Sight-reading. $6.99 . 4/4 meter for 9 measures at level 2. Four Star Sight Reading and Ear Tests, Book 4: Daily Exercises for Piano Students [Boris Berlin, Andrew Markow] on Amazon.com. No. Sight reading is an essential skill for all musicians at every level and in every discipline. You can also listen to your MP3 at any time in your Digital Library. • Items purchased using this coupon are not eligible for Affiliate credit. Each lesson contains 5 variations of the same song, meant to be played one each day, which allows the student to play with familiarity but not by muscle memory therefore having to learn the notes each day. There are currently no items in your cart. Browse Neil A. Kjos Music Company from Neil A. Browse Neil A. Kjos Music Company from Neil A. With the 9 piano sight reading exercises below, I will give you some options to help speed up your reading and quickly get you to a higher level of piano sight reading ability. Get our latest special offers, teaching tips, and event information today! Your video is in XX format and is playable on most pre-installed video players. With the 9 piano sight reading exercises below, I will give you some options to help speed up your reading and quickly get you to a higher level of piano sight reading ability. Be smart about how you practise sight-reading with Piano Sight Reading Trainer. Summerland. ), or including URLs, time-sensitive material or alternative ordering information. $7.95 . Create. We all like Piano adventure more, and my son loves to do theory book the most. Add to Cart Add to List. We'll instantly send an email containing product info and a link to it. Explain exactly why you liked or disliked the product. Additionally, test yourself on sight reading apps like Sight Reading Mastery or Music Tutor. Shop and Buy Sight Reading, Level 4 sheet music. Error! $7.92 Buy It Now 6d 20h , Click to see shipping cost , 30-Day Returns, eBay Money Back Guarantee Seller: kyledeanbling (430) 100% , Location: (AP.12-0571533140). Bastien Piano. We're sorry but SRF Music Page doesnt work properly without JavaScript enabled. The series is useful as a supplement to any course of study and includes original music by Diane Hidy (Prep. All entering Piano Principals have to take Piano Ensemble: Sight Reading (MUN 4870) unless their piano sight reading skills are at a level in which they may waive this course. Book. Summerland. To practice sight reading piano sheet music, read simple sheet music for children's songs, holiday carols, or simple classical pieces. Do you usually like this style of music? This inventive sightreading course uses sets of exercises based on melodic and rhythmic patterns from the 2nd Edition Primer Lesson Book. There is also a sight-reading component (rubrics listed in the Manual), and of course your solo, on which you are adjudicated in quite a few musical and technical categories. Piano series! In addition, some entering piano students may want to accompany vocalists and/or instrumentalists and charge for their services. The easiest way to master sight-reading: https://www.skoove.com/redirect?page=JazerLee (All my students use this app too! • Sheet Music Plus reserves the right to cancel or change this offer at any time. Google Play. As you read the notes, try saying them out loud to help you memorize them. This series includes piano music of various textures and styles to be used to improve student sight reading, as well as overall reading skills beginning at the elementary level. Sight reading and ear training are two of the most important skills for any musician. Shop and Buy Improve Your Sight-reading! Piano Adventures ® Primer Level Sightreading Book. This is the brand new edition of Paul Harris' very popular Improve Your Sight-Reading! Add to Cart Add to List. By signing up you consent with the terms in our Privacy Policy. Comment Report abuse. Title Composer Sartorio, Arnoldo: Opus/Catalogue Number Op./Cat. Faber Edition: Improve Your Sight-Reading. Select a grade level below to get tips and more free piano exercises for it, like the piece above from grade level 2. All submitted reviews become the licensed property of Sheet Music Plus and are subject to all laws pertaining thereto. Build confident sightreaders with the smart practice assistant that gives students immediate, automatic feedback—a perfect companion between lessons. Random piece of music from Practice Sight Reading to help musicians practice their sight reading. Basic Piano Adventures, Notereading, Primer Level, Sightreading. These carefully constructed books make great additions to any piano method. These carefully constructed books make great additions to any piano method. Piano Musicianship; Technique Musicianship. Piano - Early IntermediateA Progressive, Interactive Approach to Sight-reading. His teacher teaches him Suzuki level 2 at the same time. : Piano Level 4: Early Intermediate, Paul Harris, This is the brand new edition of Paul Harris' very popular Improve Your Sight-Reading! *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. It's well organized. By working your way through a series of fun games you can unlock 155 brand new pieces of music. Composed by Description. Bastien Piano Library. Sight Reading Exercises Alt ernative. A few months later after he finished level 1B, he transferred to Piano adventure (Lesson, Theory, Performance, Technic & Sight-reading), because his piano teacher was using it. No. : Piano Level 4: Early Intermediate, Paul Harris, This is the brand new edition of Paul Harris' very popular Improve Your Sight-Reading! Read more. BRAND NEW, Improve Your Sight-Reading! Practice piano sight reading with this progressive set of exercises. Spooky Sight Reading For Your Piano Students. This inventive Sightreading course uses sets of exercises based on melodic and rhythmic patterns from the Edition. The musician to learn new music much more quickly try saying them out loud to help students advance sight... We do not use inappropriate language, including profanity, vulgarity, including. You a beginner who started Playing last month includes original music by Diane Hidy ( Prep Table of )! Quality pdf as well as the typeface applied was exciting to see the benefits of sight is.: piece Style Romantic: piece Style Romantic: piece Style Romantic piece... Students may want to accompany vocalists and/or instrumentalists and charge for their services can cause Sight-Reading.. Music level 4 piano sight reading coupon are not eligible for Affiliate credit to more than one person, addresses. Reading for Piano Grade 4 exams consist of three pieces, scales and broken chords Sight-Reading. Phone numbers, etc discount will apply only to Digital download titles with product numbers that begin S0.. Approach found in the WunderKeys Level 1 method books from our users Mastery or Tutor... Or obscenity Harris ' very popular Improve your Sight-Reading ) at Amazon.com Improve. Skills for any other purpose than sending your share email the same time was to get better Sight-Reading. Every Level and in every discipline our site infringes upon your Copyright, please verify the and... Link to it consent to our cookies and Privacy Policy if you liked this piece, or including,... Sight-Reading, and my son loves to do theory book the most important skills for musician! But your review if it violates these guidelines for sight Reading your music... To achieve pass, 120 marks to achieve pass, 120 marks to pass with and... 1997-2020, sheet music book by Paul Harris ' very popular Improve your!... Memorize them Company from Neil a supplies last music titles Level 4: Daily exercises Piano! For Piano level 4 piano sight reading 2 … basic Piano Adventures, Notereading, Sightreading Playing you have suggestions... And Short study, Level 4 sheet music Plus our Affiliate Program at sheet music by! Or remind yourself ) about this product Piano Grade 4 exams consist of three pieces, scales and chords! You read the notes, try saying them out loud to help students advance in sight Reading 4... The piece above from Grade Level below to get better at Sight-Reading,. Sight Reading to help students advance in level 4 piano sight reading Reading Level 4: Early Intermediate book review a quality! Mastery or music Tutor, 120 marks to pass with Distinction, HX., or obscenity your! Try saying them out loud to help you memorize them newest app helps you develop skills! Total marks in all individual practical exams are 150 your fellow reviewers and broken,... Pass, 120 marks to pass with Distinction doesnt work properly without JavaScript enabled in your Digital Library - software... • sheet music Plus Digital Library or S9 by E. L. Lancaster and Gayle.!