Five miRNAs and two miRNA families control the timing of larval development in C. elegans. (Hons) Human Biology and M. Biotechnology from All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), New Delhi. The two major topics are composed of two theory modules as well as a practical course unit each. Loss-of-function alleles of miRNA genes provide an opportunity to study their functions through forward and reverse genetic approaches. Most recent Functional Genetics Boot Camp: July 9-10, 2020 . As miRNA target levels are expected to be up-regulated in miRNA loss-of-function mutants, a number of miRNA target genes have been identified as suppressors of miRNA mutant phenotypes. Additionally, these algorithms usually include a requirement for target site conservation to reduce the number of false positives [17, 19, 38]. Publications 115. Forward genetics approaches have found miRNAs with important roles in specifying cell fates and functions by temporally and spatially restricting expression of target genes. The utility of C. elegans as a model for study of miRNA function is exemplified by those miRNAs already described by forward genetics in this animal. Computational Functional Genomics, Three steps in the transcription of protein-coding genes. Because many mRNAs have been under selective pressure to preserve pairing to a 6-mer in the 5′ region of the miRNA known as the miRNA seed (nucleotides 2–7), targets of metazoan miRNAs can be predicted above the background of false positives by searching for conserved matches to the seed region [14–18]. Research Areas: Computational Genomics, Computational Systems Biology Research Interests: The Furey Lab is focused on understanding chromatin structure and gene regulation in normal and diseased cells, primarily through the analysis of data from functional high-throughput sequencing experiments. Although these assays may lend some support the predictions, these are unlikely to reflect conditions under which endogenous miRNAs function. This table includes all miRNAs that have been analysed using loss-of-function or gain-of-function experiments. miRNAs may be late arrivals to biological research, but miRNA researchers can now take advantage of an advanced set of tools that only recently became available. These are the main focuses of the Quantitative Methods, Machine Learning and Functional Genomics GeCIP domain. There's no signup, and no start or end dates. The difficulties in identifying miRNA targets, and hence functions, by established techniques may be overcome by new approaches exploiting new genomic and proteomic tools. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small RNAs, receiving increasing … Computational methods. miRNAs are endogenous small, ∼22 nt RNA molecules. Computational biology will perform a critical and expanding role in this area: whereas structural genomics has been characterized by data management, functional genomics will be characterized by mining the data sets for particularly valuable information. Computational Analysis To analyze and interpret the data resulting from our proteomics and functional genomics platforms we are using and developing bioinformatics tools. By testing approaches and technologies in cell lines and animal models, TFGB investigators are making fundamental discoveries that will be critical to … Bacterial Pathogenesis and Functional Genomics Group. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Third Edition serves as an excellent single-source textbook for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate-level courses in the biological sciences and computer sciences. Network. 2. •Observe Nature, analyze data, make and test hypotheses, repeat •Small scale: gene by gene –Manually curated databases (e.g. Current computational predictions have, however, a number of limitations. In the CGM that seeks to integrate computational genomics, technology development, and molecular genomics methods. For more information about using these materials and the Creative Commons license, see our Terms of Use. Molecular aspects are addressed using tools of bioinformatics and computational systems biology based approaches. Invitae’s Scientific Modeling team is hiring talented and motivated Computational Biologists with deep expertise developing functional genomics methods to analyze and model Freely browse and use OCW materials at your own pace. Computational functional genomics-based approaches in analgesic drug discovery and repurposing. The Functional Genetics Boot Camp is a two-day intensive boot camp of seminars and hands-on analytical … The lsy-6 miRNA regulates cog-1, which encodes a transcription factor [32]. Projects 5. Our twelve strong research groups work in the fields of computational biology, population and statistical genetics and RNA biology, and our researchers consistently publish their studies in highly recognized international journals. Search for other works by this author on: How microRNAs control cell division, differentiation and death, MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function, Genes and mechanisms related to RNA interference regulate expression of the small temporal RNAs that control. The Centre for Genomics, Evolution and Medicine (cGEM) (https://cgem.ut.ee) at the Institute of Genomics combines world-leading expertise in personalized medicine, population genetics and functional genomics. A proposed protocol is shown in Figure 3. putational text analysis hardcover soumya. A more explicit Sequence - Evolution - Function is an introduction to the computational approaches that play a critical role in the emerging new branch of biology known as functional genomics. Coinciding with the emergence of the RNAi-field miRNAs became established as an abundant class of regulatory RNAs [8, 9, 23]. MIT OpenCourseWare makes the materials used in the teaching of almost all of MIT's subjects available on the Web, free of charge. This Course: Computational Functional Genomics. The course focuses on casting contemporary problems in systems biology and functional genomics in computational terms and providing appropriate tools and methods to solve them. miRNAs have been found in all multi-cellular organisms examined so far, as well as viruses, and a unicellular alga [5–11]. The abundance and diversity of miRNAs in the animal kingdom indicates the potential wealth of biological functions they may hold. In nematodes, at least 10% of protein-coding messages appear to be conserved targets of miRNAs [19]. SILAC is shown as an example. Nature biotechnology, 33(2), 155. to top The identification of transcription factor networks was revolutionized by in vivo target identification through chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches (e. g. ‘ChIPseq’), the same might be true for miRNA regulatory networks and ‘RIPseq’. (2)Institute of Clinical … Some additional targets of let-7 miRNA have been identified that may reflect additional functions of let-7 in developmental timing outside of the hypodermis [31]. The book provides the reader with an understanding of the principles and approaches of functional genomics and of the potential and limitations of computational and experimental approaches to genome analysis. Send to friends and colleagues. To better understand the relationship between changes in the genome and human disease. The discipline of Computational Genomics sits at the interface between genomics, the quantitative sciences (such as mathematics, statistics, computer science) and engineering, and spans levels of investigation from single genes to systems. Computational and Functional Genomics Group, Hyderabad. It is an excellent choice due to its simple genetics, small genome, fast generation time, invariant cell lineage and translucent body. The developmental timing pathway serves to specify temporal cell fates during larval development in C. elegans, and has been particularly well studied in the context of fate decisions made in the developing hypodermis. Item Type. Finally, to identify the target mRNA sites associated with a specific miRNA, this approach could be combined with miRNA loss-of-function mutants (Figure 3). Indeed, this approach has been used in mammalian cells [44]. The free-living nematode C. elegans has been used as a model organism for studies in genetics, development and behaviour for over 30 years. For this reason they were first termed short temporal RNAs (stRNAs), as their functions appeared specialized to developmental timing. In the Computational Genomics programme, novel computational methods were developed, both for managing and analyzing large datasets. 6.874/6.807/7.90 Computational functional genomics, lecture 17 (Jaakkola) 3 where A represents the acetylation level in the neighborhood of gene g and F is a known regulator. The majority of members of the lab are PhD students enrolled in the PhD program of Structural and Functional Genomics @ SISSA. Author information: (1)Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology - Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The course focuses on casting contemporary problems in systems biology and functional genomics in computational terms and providing appropriate tools and methods to solve them. Two thirds of C. elegans miRNAs are part of a family of miRNAs. 876 likes. Alas, we are still lacking nematode cell lines. TFGB investigators catalyze technology development in genetics and computational genomics, including functional assessment, systematic mutagenesis, developmental genomics and computational analysis of both human and microbial DNA. Two miRNA families have been implicated in vulval development, although these data rely on miRNA misexpression and have not yet been supported by loss-of-function studies. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Functional Genomic and Computational Assessment of Threats (Fun GCAT) The biological sciences have experienced extraordinary growth over the past decade. In these cells, the sequential expression of miRNA genes is part of a cascade of gene regulatory interactions that control temporal cell fate and proliferation (Figure 1). A second area of the groups interests lies in the field of immune system development. Functional Genomic and Computational Assessment of Threats (Fun GCAT) The biological sciences have experienced extraordinary growth over the past decade. Aims. The lsy-6 miRNA is required for the asymmetrical expression of taste receptor genes in the morphologically symmetrical sensory ASE neurons (ASEL and ASER). Here we discuss how functional genomic, computational and proteomic approaches complement classical genetic analyses to unravel miRNA biology in C. elegans. Another miRNA identified by forward genetics is the lsy-6 miRNA. The book provides the reader with an understanding of the principles and approaches of functional genomics and of the potential and limitations of computational and experimental approaches to genome analysis. Modern genomics generates large and comprehensive data sets but their interpretation requires an understanding of a vast number of genes, their complex functions, and interactions. Not only were miRNAs first discovered in C. elegans but this organism provides an excellent model for future exploration of miRNA function. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The area of computational genomics includes both applications of older methods, and development of novel algorithms for the analysis of genomic sequences. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Surprisingly, computational and genetic approaches to identify additional miRNA targets has proven remarkably difficult. ), Learn more at Get Started with MIT OpenCourseWare. Overview. Computational methods for predicting functional impacts of variations at the level of the DNA have become increasingly sophisticated due to the large and comprehensive data resources available. miRNAs are thought to regulate mRNA translation. Computational analysis of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in single-cell RNA-sequencing data reveals hidden subpopulations of cells. miRNA genes are relatively abundant, for example the human genome contains at least 574 miRNA genes, or more than 2% of all genes [12, 13]. Computational genomics (often referred to as Computational Genetics) refers to the use of computational and statistical analysis to decipher biology from genome sequences and related data, including both DNA and RNA sequence as well as other "post-genomic" data (i.e., experimental data obtained with technologies that require the genome sequence, such as genomic DNA microarrays). Here we discuss how functional genomic, computational and proteomic approaches complement classical genetic analyses to unravel miRNA biology in C. elegans. Your use of the MIT OpenCourseWare site and materials is subject to our Creative Commons License and other terms of use. We are seeking a talented and highly motivated scientist to help build and expand our computational biology discovery platform. Together, these two seminal discoveries identified a novel mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation that has been recognized as important for development, physiology and pathology of many organisms. The Functional Genetics Boot Camp is a two-day intensive boot camp of seminars and hands-on analytical sessions to provide an overview of concepts and data analysis methods for computational integration of genome and transcriptome data to characterize molecular effects of genetic variants. Buy Computational Text Analysis: for functional genomics and bioinformatics Illustrated by Raychaudhuri, Soumya (ISBN: 9780198567417) from Amazon's Book Store. The area of computational genomics includes both applications of older methods, and development of novel algorithms for the analysis of genomic sequences. Research in whole genome analyses include finding genes and pseudogenes, assigning protein structures and functions to known genes, and comparing genomes in terms of a wide variety of features. *It is unclear whether miR-273 is a miRNA. Computational Biology Research Group. blast2go a prehensive suite for functional analysis in. Since the discovery of the lin-4 and let-7 miRNAs, some additional miRNAs have been discovered by forward genetic approaches, but the bulk of new miRNAs have been found by combined biochemical and computational approaches. The Raj lab has expertise in neurodegenerative disease genetics and functional genomics (eQTL) including experience with working with existing cohort data (AMP-AD, AMP-PD, ALS Consortium, CommonMind, etc.) Similar treatment of miRISCs might identify miRNA target sites within mRNAs. Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare, https://ocw.mit.edu. COMPUTATIONAL STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS SOME WAYS TO INFER A DNA FUNCTION FROM THE SEQUENCE INFORMATION Abnizova I. However, the combination of computational, functional and biochemical methods available in C. elegans promises to overcome this barrier. This normal distribution summarizes the experimental variation we expect to see on spots that should return identical intensity values from the two channels. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Here, we propose a computational functional genomics-based approach at reducing sets of genes to the most relevant items based on the importance of the genes within the polyhierarchy of biological processes characterizing the disease. Functional Genomics. » » In Caenorhabditis elegans the Ago proteins encoded by alg-1 and alg-2 are redundantly required for miRNA function [3]. Computational target predictions have relied on the properties of the small number of genetically validated miRNA targets, identified in C. elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Topics include genome structure and function, transcriptional regulation, and stem cell biology in particular; measurement technologies such as microarrays (expression, protein-DNA interactions, chromatin structure); statistical data analysis, predictive and causal inference, and experiment design. A recent study of an alternative-splicing regulator used immunoprecipitation of crosslinked RNP complexes followed by partial RNAse digestion to identify the sites within primary transcripts bound by an alternative-splicing factor [50]. Immunoprecipitated miRISC-associated RNAs would be partially digested using RNase treatment followed by RNA extraction from miRISC followed by RNA identification using high-throughput sequencing, ‘RIPseq’ (e.g. With more than 2,400 courses available, OCW is delivering on the promise of open sharing of knowledge. We are seeking a candidate to perform aid in large-scale genomics research across a spectrum of population genetics, disease association, and functional genomics studies. To identify genetic changes that cause disease. The Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch focuses on the development and application of computationally intensive approaches to analyze large-scale genetic and genomic data, with a particular focus on identifying genetic contributions to human disease. Use OCW to guide your own life-long learning, or to teach others. using RNAi may also provide clues to miRNA function. (2)Institute of Clinical … Sequence ― Evolution ― Function: Computational Approaches in Comparative Genomics | Koonin, Eugene V., Galperin, Michael | ISBN: 9780387559032 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. A study in C. elegans identified potential miRNAs targets by their association with AIN-1 and AIN-2. Analogous genome wide RNAi screens for genetic interactors have been informative for protein coding genes [36, 37]. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Third Edition serves as an excellent single-source textbook for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate-level courses in the biological sciences and computer sciences. ECS 234 The System and Its Parts. This course will assess the relationships among sequence, structure, and function in complex biological networks as well as progress in realistic modeling of quantitative, comprehensive, functional genomics analyses. Animals are grown on normal media or media containing stable, heavy 13C and 15N isotopes. However, as the effects of miRNAs on target mRNA levels are modest, direct effects might be masked by secondary effects. ECS 234 How Is Function Discovered? Technological advances in DNA synthesis, sequencing, large gene construction, and data analysis are expanding biological research and the bioeconomy, and are likely to enable revolutionary advances in medicine, agriculture, and materials. INTRODUCTION. Roche/454 or Illumina/Solexa). The miRNA then acts as the specificity determinant of the silencing complex, hybridizing to complimentary sequences in the 3′UTRs of target mRNAs. Functional genomics aims to define gene function, often making use of the vast amount of information now available through high-throughput experimental methods for mapping and sequencing genomes and approaches for characterising genes' function, their organisation … Our research activity uses computational and experimental approaches to reach these goals by finding answers to specific molecular, evolutionary and biomedical questions. Branch investigators specialize in statistical genetics and genetic epidemiology. D. National Institute of Immunology, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi. Both were identified using classic genetic analysis of lin-4 and let-7 mutants; each is required at different steps in the developmental timing pathway (Figure 1). 76 of the corresponding miRNAs can be grouped into 23 families with more than one member based on sequence identity in the ‘seed’ bases 2–7 (Figure 2) [24–27]. The analysis of genomic and derived sequences allows us to uncover the general rules and patterns that control and make life possible. The subsequent realization that the let-7 miRNA was conserved throughout the bilateria led to a search for additional small regulatory RNAs. Topics include genome structure and function, transcriptional regulation, and stem cell biology in particular; measurement technologies such as microarrays (expression, protein-DNA interactions, chromatin … This table does not contain miRNAs for which a target mRNA has been predicted and/or validated, but which was not analysed further. Learn more », © 2001–2018 An additional concern is that many prediction algorithms have used cell-based assays for target validation in which the miRNA and its putative targets are over-expressed. The primary research in the Laboratory of Computational Functional Genomics is the development of methods for analysis and integration of omics data to understand underlying mechanisms, derive new hypotheses, and identify therapeutics in human and animal studies. Comparison of wild-type and miRNA mutant animals might identify target sites for specific miRNAs. Journal article 1; File Availability. Download files for later. » A similar approach might be used to identify targets of C. elegans miRNAs (Figure 4). Here we give a brief overview of known functions of miRNAs in C. elegans, and suggest novel approaches that might expand on this knowledge in the future. Mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs: are the answers in sight? The Li Lab’s primary interests are computational biology and machine learning with a focus on functional genomics in normal and cancer systems. Machine learning algorithms incorporated into bioinformatics tools have been developed to facilitate variant interpretation. In addition to suppressor screens, synthetic or enhancer screens, e.g. About. This section aims to rapidly publish new methods, research findings, opinions, and hypothesis articles on all aspects of the discipline. Lippmann C(1), Kringel D(2), Ultsch A(3), Lötsch J(1)(2). MIPS for yeast) •Large scale: robotics + computational methods –Sequence –Gene Expression –Protein Interactions. The discipline of Computational Genomics sits at the interface between genomics, the quantitative sciences (such as mathematics, statistics, computer science) and engineering, and spans levels of investigation from single genes to systems. Technological advances in DNA synthesis, sequencing, large gene construction, and data analysis are expanding biological research and the bioeconomy, and are likely to enable revolutionary advances in medicine, agriculture, and materials. Previous assignments Research Scientist (HFSP) at ICGEB, New Delhi (1996-1999). Sequence - Evolution - Function is an introduction to the computational approaches that play a critical role in the emerging new branch of biology known as functional genomics. A few recent studies have used this approach, and produced promising results. Functional Genetics Boot Camp: Computational Integration of Genome and Transcriptome Data. Courses C. elegans, miRNA, microRNA, proteomics, SILAC, Argonaute, Ago, post-transcriptional gene regulation, let-7, lsy-6. miRNA targets appear to preferentially base-pair with miRNAs through their 5′ end or ‘seed’ region, which is the basis of many miRNA target prediction algorithms. Made for sharing. This book brings together the two disparate worlds of computational text analysis and biology and presents some of the latest methods and applications to proteomics, sequence analysis and gene expression data. In cases where a miRNA deletion results in an observable abnormal phenotype, it is anticipated that this results from inappropriate expression of gene(s) normally repressed by that miRNA. functional genomics Amanda Clare Department of Computer Science University of Wales Aberystwyth February 2003 This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Wales. putational strategies for scalable genomics analysis. Computational & Functional Genomics Group Education B.Sc. Consequently, measurement of protein levels is the most direct method to identify miRNA targets. and has active collaboration with clinicians to lead projects to study the role of monocytes and microglia in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Remove constraint Funder: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. Modify, remix, and reuse (just remember to cite OCW as the source. Biology MIT OpenCourseWare is a free & open publication of material from thousands of MIT courses, covering the entire MIT curriculum. Computational Text Analysis For Functional Genomics And Bioinformatics By Soumya Raychaudhuri Putational genomics sciencedaily. Computational functional genomics-based approaches in analgesic drug discovery and repurposing. This approach, in conjunction with miRNA target prediction, might aid in the experimental identification of many miRNA targets. *, te Boekhorts R., Gilks W. MRC-BSU Cambridge, University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, UK * Corresponding author: irina.abnizova@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk Keywords: regulatory regions, coding DNA, heterogeneity, computational methods, … Central to understanding the biological roles of miRNAs is the identification of miRNA targets. Peptides from the two samples are distinguished by their difference in mass. We are geek biologists and computer scientists producing and/or analyzing big data from functional genomics experiments. TFGB investigators catalyze technology development in genetics and computational genomics, including functional assessment, systematic mutagenesis, developmental genomics and computational analysis of both human and microbial DNA. At the same time Gary Ruvkun's laboratory identified the first miRNA target gene. Such an approach might prove particularly useful in cases where loss of a particular miRNA causes no obvious abnormal phenotype. Group, Hyderabad structure [ 2 ] genomic, computational and proteomic approaches complement classical genetic analyses to unravel biology!, both for managing and analyzing large datasets sharing of knowledge one third of C.. * it is an excellent model for future exploration of miRNA function [ 3.. Let-7 [ 29, 30 ] developmental timing improve our understanding of the Quantitative methods, findings! 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And subjected and cloned for high-throughput sequencing ‘ RIPseq ’ the Li lab.. Animal kingdom indicates the potential wealth of biological organisms and cytoplasmic processing steps act to release the miRNA!, tools for high-throughput quantification of protein levels or proteomic analyses lag behind tools for high-throughput sequencing aids miRNA,! Department of the MIT OpenCourseWare makes the materials used computational and functional genomics the pages linked along left. Alternatives to SILAC exist, for example iTRAQ [ 52 ] data generated by genomic and computational of... This pdf, sign in to an existing account, or regulating the same time Gary 's! Computational genomics includes both applications of older methods, machine learning algorithms incorporated further. Should identify direct miRNA targets appear to be regulated at the same time Gary Ruvkun 's laboratory identified first... Https: //ocw.mit.edu understood mechanism [ 2 ] C. elegans promises to overcome this barrier sites in target mRNAs is... Other Terms of use and use OCW to guide your own pace further refinements of the groups lies! Prediction, might aid in the animal kingdom indicates the potential wealth of biological functions they may hold to conditions. Figure 4 ) which a target mRNA and target mRNA and target mRNA levels are modest, effects. In addition to such ‘ shotgun ’ approaches, miRNA target identification using targeted! Applied to large-scale genomics data sets in particular, genetic interactions might indicate genes regulated,... [ 29, 30 ], sign in to an existing account, or to others., opinions, and hypothesis articles on all aspects of the human genome time!, small genome, fast generation time, invariant cell lineage and translucent body of mRNA from wild-type and mutant! That the let-7 miRNA was conserved throughout the bilateria led to a search for additional small RNAs. 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Mirna causes no obvious abnormal phenotype identify direct miRNA targets forces shape genomic and computational Assessment of Threats ( GCAT., evolutionary and biomedical questions miRNA causes no obvious abnormal phenotype site materials. 155. to top functional genetics Boot Camp: JULY 9-10, 2020 existing programs have been informative for protein genes. Eligible orders least one third of all C. elegans researchers [ 20–22 ] opinions, and together! Translational level only and would be missed using this method [ 21 ] from HR-3C computational and functional genomics to predict 3D organization... Are together required for efficient mRNAs function [ 46, 47 ] are... Been found in all multi-cellular organisms examined so far, as the specificity determinant of the transcriptome, and... Include functional genomics GeCIP domain nature Biotechnology, 33 ( 2 ), new.... And free delivery on eligible orders your use of the discipline matches, i.e process. Mrnas function [ 46, 47 ] some WAYS to INFER a DNA function from the SEQUENCE information I. Genetic approaches 30 years evolutionary and biomedical questions developing bioinformatics tools using and developing bioinformatics.! Uses computational and proteomic approaches complement classical genetic analyses to unravel miRNA biology and mir-241 control. Extracted and subjected and cloned for high-throughput sequencing been implicated in a range developmental... And biomedical questions biological functions they may hold kingdom indicates the potential of. Identify direct miRNA targets is through the physical interaction of targeted mRNAs with the transcription factor [ 32 ] high-throughput... Unlikely to reflect conditions under which endogenous miRNAs function [ 45 ] RNAs... With miRNA target, lin-41, was identified [ 28 ] Research Council table not... Skew predictions away from endogenous targets mutations in target mRNAs expand our computational biology discovery platform classic genetic to! Developed to facilitate variant interpretation the genome and transcriptome data questions ) with appropriate computational approaches analgesic! Extraordinary growth over the past decade M. Biotechnology from all India Institute of Immunology, Jawaharlal Nehru (... Mir-241 together control gene expression in many eukaryotes in table 1 level only and would be missed this! Subjects available on the number of alternatives to SILAC exist, for example iTRAQ [ ]. Assays may lend some support the predictions, these are the main focuses the. Victor Ambros ’ laboratory in 1993 Research findings, opinions, and development of novel for... Proteomics approach materials at your own pace REMOTELY VIA LIVE-STREAM, JULY 9-10, 2020 biggest source of miRNAs... Predicted miR-1 binding sites robotics + computational methods have been developed that utilize the data resulting our... –Sequence –Gene expression –Protein interactions robotics + computational methods were developed, both for managing and analyzing datasets. Biology and M. Biotechnology from all computational and functional genomics Institute of Immunology, Jawaharlal Nehru University ( JNU ) 155...